Por Luís Nhachote
Moçambique apostou o seu futuro em novos projectos de gás. Então, impulsionados pela desigualdade e outras pressões, os insurgentes tomaram conta do norte de Moçambique. As companhias de gás começaram a se retirar. Agora, após reuniões em Kigali e Paris, forças estrangeiras estão protegendo as cidades que a Total e a ExxonMobile precisam que estejam seguras para manter as suas operações em andamento.
O balanço de poder no conflicto em Cabo Delgado, norte de Moçambique, parece ter dado uma guinada decisiva a favor do governo ao longo do mês passado. A 8 de Agosto, um ano após o abandono de Mocímboa da Praia pelas forças moçambicanas, as forças ruandesas e locais retomaram a cidade.
A cidade, perto da fronteira norte com a Tanzânia, tem um aeroporto e um porto estratégico. Sua queda para os insurgentes em Agosto passado foi um golpe simbólico para o governo.
Recapturá-lo é um golpe de relações públicas para o presidente moçambicano, Filipe Nyusi, Paul Kagame de Ruanda e para a França – que se acredita ter pago pelo destacamento de Ruanda. Também levanta questões sobre o destacamento das forças da SADC, que ainda está ganhando impulso e ainda não teve sucesso militar.
O rápido avanço das forças ruandesas ganhou ímpeto com o ataque à cidade de Palma em Março. Isso realmente concentrou mentes em Maputo e em Paris. A insurgência já matou milhares de pessoas desde seu primeiro ataque à Mocímboa da Praia, em Outubro de 2017, e tornou grande parte do litoral de Cabo Delgado inabitável.
Porém, começou a ameaçar o projecto de gás no qual Moçambique apostou so eu futuro.
Tendo tomado uma decisão final de investimento no projetco de gás natural liquefeito (GNL) em Junho de 2019, a TotalEnergies comprometeu-se a investir 20 biliões de dõlares na extração e liquefação de gás. Desse valor, 2,5 biliões de dóalares foram destinados a bens e serviços a serem fornecidos por empresas moçambicanas ao projecto, além de oportunidades de emprego e treinamento para cidadãos moçambicanos.
No pico do projecto, espera-se a absorção de uma força de trabalho estimada em 5.000 trabalhadores moçambicanos. O regulador do petróleo de Moçambique, INP, diz acreditar que o projecto irá gerar lucros de 60,8 biliões de dóalres nos próximos 20 anos, dos quais 30,9 biliões irão para o estado moçambicano.
O ataque de Março levou a TotalEnergies a retirar todos os seus funcionários, dizendo que só voltaria quando a segurança fosse restaurada.
No meio das negociações com os parceiros regionais formais de Moçambique, os seus colegas membros da SADC, o Presidente Nyusi fez uma visita surpresa à Kigali a 28 de Abril, para consultar o Presidente do Ruanda, Paul Kagame.
“Discutimos a experiência do Ruanda no combate ao terrorismo e ao extremismo violento”, disse Nyusi na época, explicando que: “Ruanda desempenha um papel importante na África Central, junto com as forças das Nações Unidas. Por isso queríamos entender como foi a experiência ”.
O destino seguinte de Nyusi, em Maio, foi Paris, onde se encontrou com a TotalEnergies e o presidente francês, Emmanual Macron – que visitou Ruanda pouco mais de uma semana depois, para oferecer um pedido formal de desculpas pelos fracassos da França em torno do genocídio de 1994.
A viagem de Macron à África também incluiu uma visita à África do Sul, onde discutiu a insegurança em Cabo Delgado com o Presidente Cyril Ramaphosa.
O que exatamente foi combinado, permanece na escuridão. A França ainda não reconheceu oficialmente o seu envolvimento no destacamento de Ruanda – mas também não está a negar os muitos relatos sobre o assunto. Seu governo optou por não responder às perguntas do The Continent.
O The Continent, no entanto, ouviu de fontes diplomáticas e governamentais em Maputo que é de facto dinheiro francês que está a pagar pelo destacamento de forças ruandesas. A França também tem um histórico de intromissão em países da África para o benefício de suas próprias corporações, assim como dos seus pares na Europa, China e Estados Unidos.
Tropas ruandesas primeiro, SADC depois
O sucesso das tropas ruandesas foi confirmado na tarde de domingo por um tweet do Ministério da Defesa ruandês após a captura de Mocimboa da Praia, que ficou deserta depois que tropas ruandesas e moçambicanas conquistaram uma base insurgente na aldeia de Awasse, a 41 km para o interior de Mocímboa.
Em conferência de imprensa ainda no domingo, o porta-voz militar de Moçambique, coronel Omar Saranga, disse que “as Forças Conjuntas – Moçambique e Ruanda, controlam a cidade de Mocímboa da Praia desde as 11h de hoje, 8 de Agosto de 2021”, acrescentando que a Força Conjunta havia assumido o controle de “edifícios do governo local, o porto, aeroporto, hospital, mercados, estabelecimentos hoteleiros e outros objectos econômicos”.
Uma fonte do batalhão de franco-atiradores do exército moçambicano, disse ao The Continent na semana passada que o sucesso dos ruandeses se deve ao “alto uso da tecnologia. Os colegas ruandeses usam drones que, além da vigilância, funcionam como armas ”.
Para além da força conjunta vinda de Awasse à Oeste, outro grupo desceu do distrito de Palma, onde as tropas ruandesas têm vindo a reforçar as posições moçambicanas em torno do projecto de gás natural liderado pela gigante francês da energia, TotalEnergies.
Fontes militares acreditam que, com a recuperação de Mocímboa, está agora aberto o caminho para um assalto à chamada base “Siria” – cerca de 110 km a sul de Awasse, no distrito de Macomia – descrita como a base central dos insurgentes.
A força SAMIM (Missão Militar da SADC), que até agora soma menos de 1.000 militares destacados por Ruanda, será encarregada de garantir que o território conquistado pelos ruandeses permaneça fora do controle inimigo – uma tarefa cuja importância e dificuldade foram enfatizadas por Nyusi no lançamento da missão na segunda-feira, 9 de Agosto – um dia após a retomada de Mocímboa. Mas o trabalho de maior perfil, de engajar os insurgentes em acções ofensivas, continua sendo do domínio dos ruandeses.
O artido original, em ingles, foi inicialmente publicado na Africa do Sul no The Continent

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